قصص قصيرة منوعة

by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860-1904)

IT WAS a dark autumn night. The old banker was walking up and down his study and
remembering how, fifteen years before, he had given a party one autumn evening. There had
been many clever men there, and there had been interesting conversations. Among other
things they had talked of capital punishment. The majority of the guests, among whom were
many journalists and intellectual men, disapproved of the death penalty. They considered that
form of punishment out of date, immoral, and unsuitable for Christian States. In the opinion
of some of them the death penalty ought to be replaced everywhere by imprisonment for life.
"I don't agree with you," said their host the banker. "I have not tried either the death penalty
or imprisonment for life, but if one may judge _a priori_, the death penalty is more moral and
more humane than imprisonment for life. Capital punishment kills a man at once, but lifelong
imprisonment kills him slowly. Which executioner is the more humane, he who kills you in a
few minutes or he who drags the life out of you in the course of many years?"
"Both are equally immoral," observed one of the guests, "for they both have the same object -
- to take away life. The State is not God. It has not the right to take away what it cannot
restore when it wants to."
Among the guests was a young lawyer, a young man of five-and-twenty. When he was asked
his opinion, he said:
"The death sentence and the life sentence are equally immoral, but if I had to choose between
the death penalty and imprisonment for life, I would certainly choose the second. To live
anyhow is better than not at all."
A lively discussion arose. The banker, who was younger and more nervous in those days, was
suddenly carried away by excitement; he struck the table with his fist and shouted at the

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young man:
"It's not true! I'll bet you two millions you wouldn't stay in solitary confinement for five
years."
"If you mean that in earnest," said the young man, "I'll take the bet, but I would stay not five
but fifteen years."
"Fifteen? Done!" cried the banker. "Gentlemen, I stake two millions!"
"Agreed! You stake your millions and I stake my freedom!" said the young man.
And this wild, senseless bet was carried out! The banker, spoilt and frivolous, with millions
beyond his reckoning, was delighted at the bet. At supper he made fun of the young man, and
said:
"Think better of it, young man, while there is still time. To me two millions are a trifle, but
you are losing three or four of the best years of your life. I say three or four, because you
won't stay longer. Don't forget either, you unhappy man, that voluntary confinement is a great
deal harder to bear than compulsory. The thought that you have the right to step out in liberty
at any moment will poison your whole existence in prison. I am sorry for you."
And now the banker, walking to and fro, remembered all this, and asked himself: "What was
the object of that bet? What is the good of that man's losing fifteen years of his life and my
throwing away two millions? Can it prove that the death penalty is better or worse than
imprisonment for life? No, no. It was all nonsensical and meaningless. On my part it was the
caprice of a pampered man, and on his part simple greed for money. . . ."
Then he remembered what followed that evening. It was decided that the young man should
spend the years of his captivity under the strictest supervision in one of the lodges in the
banker's garden. It was agreed that for fifteen years he should not be free to cross the
threshold of the lodge, to see human beings, to hear the human voice, or to receive letters and
newspapers. He was allowed to have a musical instrument and books, and was allowed to
write letters, to drink wine, and to smoke. By the terms of the agreement, the only relations he
could have with the outer world were by a little window made purposely for that object. He
might have anything he wanted -- books, music, wine, and so on -- in any quantity he desired
by writing an order, but could only receive them through the window. The agreement
provided for every detail and every trifle that would make his imprisonment strictly solitary,
and bound the young man to stay there _exactly_ fifteen years, beginning from twelve o'clock
of November 14, 1870, and ending at twelve o'clock of November 14, 1885. The slightest
attempt on his part to break the conditions, if only two minutes before the end, released the
banker from the obligation to pay him two millions.
For the first year of his confinement, as far as one could judge from his brief notes, the
prisoner suffered severely from loneliness and depression. The sounds of the piano could be
heard continually day and night from his lodge. He refused wine and tobacco. Wine, he wrote,
excites the desires, and desires are the worst foes of the prisoner; and besides, nothing could
be more dreary than drinking good wine and seeing no one. And tobacco spoilt the air of his
room. In the first year the books he sent for were principally of a light character; novels with a
complicated love plot, sensational and fantastic stories, and so on.
In the second year the piano was silent in the lodge, and the prisoner asked only for the
classics. In the fifth year music was audible again, and the prisoner asked for wine. Those
who watched him through the window said that all that year he spent doing nothing but eating
and drinking and lying on his bed, frequently yawning and angrily talking to himself. He did
not read books. Sometimes at night he would sit down to write; he would spend hours writing,
and in the morning tear up all that he had written. More than once he could be heard crying.
In the second half of the sixth year the prisoner began zealously studying languages,

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philosophy, and history. He threw himself eagerly into these studies -- so much so that the
banker had enough to do to get him the books he ordered. In the course of four years some six
hundred volumes were procured at his request. It was during this period that the banker
received the following letter from his prisoner:
"My dear Jailer, I write you these lines in six languages. Show them to people who know the
languages. Let them read them. If they find not one mistake I implore you to fire a shot in the
garden. That shot will show me that my efforts have not been thrown away. The geniuses of
all ages and of all lands speak different languages, but the same flame burns in them all. Oh,
if you only knew what unearthly happiness my soul feels now from being able to understand
them!" The prisoner's desire was fulfilled. The banker ordered two shots to be fired in the
garden.
Then after the tenth year, the prisoner sat immovably at the table and read nothing but the
Gospel. It seemed strange to the banker that a man who in four years had mastered six
hundred learned volumes should waste nearly a year over one thin book easy of
comprehension. Theology and histories of religion followed the Gospels.
In the last two years of his confinement the prisoner read an immense quantity of books quite
indiscriminately. At one time he was busy with the natural sciences, then he would ask for
Byron or Shakespeare. There were notes in which he demanded at the same time books on
chemistry, and a manual of medicine, and a novel, and some treatise on philosophy or
theology. His reading suggested a man swimming in the sea among the wreckage of his ship,
and trying to save his life by greedily clutching first at one spar and then at another.

The old banker remembered all this, and thought:
"To-morrow at twelve o'clock he will regain his freedom. By our agreement I ought to pay
him two millions. If I do pay him, it is all over with me: I shall be utterly ruined."
Fifteen years before, his millions had been beyond his reckoning; now he was afraid to ask
himself which were greater, his debts or his assets. Desperate gambling on the Stock
Exchange, wild speculation and the excitability which he could not get over even in
advancing years, had by degrees led to the decline of his fortune and the proud, fearless, selfconfident
millionaire had become a banker of middling rank, trembling at every rise and fall
in his investments. "Cursed bet!" muttered the old man, clutching his head in despair "Why
didn't the man die? He is only forty now. He will take my last penny from me, he will marry,
will enjoy life, will gamble on the Exchange; while I shall look at him with envy like a
beggar, and hear from him every day the same sentence: 'I am indebted to you for the
happiness of my life, let me help you!' No, it is too much! The one means of being saved from
bankruptcy and disgrace is the death of that man!"
It struck three o'clock, the banker listened; everyone was asleep in the house and nothing
could be heard outside but the rustling of the chilled trees. Trying to make no noise, he took
from a fireproof safe the key of the door which had not been opened for fifteen years, put on
his overcoat, and went out of the house.
It was dark and cold in the garden. Rain was falling. A damp cutting wind was racing about
the garden, howling and giving the trees no rest. The banker strained his eyes, but could see
neither the earth nor the white statues, nor the lodge, nor the trees. Going to the spot where
the lodge stood, he twice called the watchman. No answer followed. Evidently the watchman
had sought shelter from the weather, and was now asleep somewhere either in the kitchen or
in the greenhouse.
"If I had the pluck to carry out my intention," thought the old man, "Suspicion would fall first
upon the watchman."

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He felt in the darkness for the steps and the door, and went into the entry of the lodge. Then
he groped his way into a little passage and lighted a match. There was not a soul there. There
was a bedstead with no bedding on it, and in the corner there was a dark cast-iron stove. The
seals on the door leading to the prisoner's rooms were intact.
When the match went out the old man, trembling with emotion, peeped through the little
window. A candle was burning dimly in the prisoner's room. He was sitting at the table.
Nothing could be seen but his back, the hair on his head, and his hands. Open books were
lying on the table, on the two easy-chairs, and on the carpet near the table.
Five minutes passed and the prisoner did not once stir. Fifteen years' imprisonment had taught
him to sit still. The banker tapped at the window with his finger, and the prisoner made no
movement whatever in response. Then the banker cautiously broke the seals off the door and
put the key in the keyhole. The rusty lock gave a grating sound and the door creaked. The
banker expected to hear at once footsteps and a cry of astonishment, but three minutes passed
and it was as quiet as ever in the room. He made up his mind to go in.
At the table a man unlike ordinary people was sitting motionless. He was a skeleton with the
skin drawn tight over his bones, with long curls like a woman's and a shaggy beard. His face
was yellow with an earthy tint in it, his cheeks were hollow, his back long and narrow, and
the hand on which his shaggy head was propped was so thin and delicate that it was dreadful
to look at it. His hair was already streaked with silver, and seeing his emaciated, aged-looking
face, no one would have believed that he was only forty. He was asleep. . . . In front of his
bowed head there lay on the table a sheet of paper on which there was something written in
fine handwriting.
"Poor creature!" thought the banker, "he is asleep and most likely dreaming of the millions.
And I have only to take this half-dead man, throw him on the bed, stifle him a little with the
pillow, and the most conscientious expert would find no sign of a violent death. But let us
first read what he has written here. . . ."
The banker took the page from the table and read as follows:
"To-morrow at twelve o'clock I regain my freedom and the right to associate with other men,
but before I leave this room and see the sunshine, I think it necessary to say a few words to
you. With a clear conscience I tell you, as before God, who beholds me, that I despise
freedom and life and health, and all that in your books is called the good things of the world.
"For fifteen years I have been intently studying earthly life. It is true I have not seen the earth
nor men, but in your books I have drunk fragrant wine, I have sung songs, I have hunted stags
and wild boars in the forests, have loved women. . . . Beauties as ethereal as clouds, created
by the magic of your poets and geniuses, have visited me at night, and have whispered in my
ears wonderful tales that have set my brain in a whirl. In your books I have climbed to the
peaks of Elburz and Mont Blanc, and from there I have seen the sun rise and have watched it
at evening flood the sky, the ocean, and the mountain-tops with gold and crimson. I have
watched from there the lightning flashing over my head and cleaving the storm-clouds. I have
seen green forests, fields, rivers, lakes, towns. I have heard the singing of the sirens, and the
strains of the shepherds' pipes; I have touched the wings of comely devils who flew down to
converse with me of God. . . . In your books I have flung myself into the bottomless pit,
performed miracles, slain, burned towns, preached new religions, conquered whole kingdoms.
. . .
"Your books have given me wisdom. All that the unresting thought of man has created in the
ages is compressed into a small compass in my brain. I know that I am wiser than all of you.
"And I despise your books, I despise wisdom and the blessings of this world. It is all
worthless, fleeting, illusory, and deceptive, like a mirage. You may be proud, wise, and fine,
but death will wipe you off the face of the earth as though you were no more than mice
burrowing under the floor, and your posterity, your history, your immortal geniuses will burn

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or freeze together with the earthly globe.
"You have lost your reason and taken the wrong path. You have taken lies for truth, and
hideousness for beauty. You would marvel if, owing to strange events of some sorts, frogs
and lizards suddenly grew on apple and orange trees instead of fruit, or if roses began to smell
like a sweating horse; so I marvel at you who exchange heaven for earth. I don't want to
understand you.
"To prove to you in action how I despise all that you live by, I renounce the two millions of
which I once dreamed as of paradise and which now I despise. To deprive myself of the right
to the money I shall go out from here five hours before the time fixed, and so break the
compact. . . ."
When the banker had read this he laid the page on the table, kissed the strange man on the
head, and went out of the lodge, weeping. At no other time, even when he had lost heavily on
the Stock Exchange, had he felt so great a contempt for himself. When he got home he lay on
his bed, but his tears and emotion kept him for hours from sleeping.
Next morning the watchmen ran in with pale faces, and told him they had seen the man who
lived in the lodge climb out of the window into the garden, go to the gate, and disappear. The
banker went at once with the servants to the lodge and made sure of the flight of his prisoner.
To avoid arousing unnecessary talk, he took from the table the writing in which the millions